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Bonn Conference (2001)
Representatives of Afghanistan, under the initiative of Mr. Lakhdar Brahimi, Special Representative of the United Nations Secretary General for Afghanistan, met in December 2001, and agreed to bring an end to the coalition war against the Taliban and build a new Government in cooperation with the international community. From the Bonn conference emerged the Afghan Interim Authority (AIA), made up of 30 members, headed by a chairman. AIA was inaugurated December 22, 2001 with a six-month mandate, followed by a two-year Transitional Authority (TA), after which democratic elections were to be held for formation of a permanent Government.
The Bonn Agreementauthorized the establishment of the NATO-led International Security Assistance (ISAF) Force for oversight of security in Afghanistan. The Afghan Constitution Commissionalso established in Bonn to draft a new constitution in consultation with the public. A judicial commission was established to rebuild the justice system in accordance with Islamic principles and international standards of the rule of law, Afghan legal traditions and inauguration of a Supreme Court.
In the Bonn Conference, the international community did not pledge any financial assistance, but they expressed determined political commitments to support a prosperous and peaceful Afghanistan.
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Tokyo Conference (2002)
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Tokyo Conference (2002)
The International Conference on Reconstruction Assistance to Afghanistan was held on January 21-22, 2002 in Tokyo, with ministerial level participation, co-chaired by H.E. Hamid Karzai of the Afghanistan Interim Administration, Japan, the US, the EU and Saudi Arabia.
The conference provided the AIA an opportunity to reaffirm its determination to pursue the process of reconstruction and development of Afghanistan according to the Bonn Agreement principles and provided the international community the opportunity to express its political support for this process with pledges ofconcrete assistance. The international community strongly emphasized the importance of rapidly establishing a comprehensive macroeconomic and monetary framework. Thus the focus was placed on sound economic reforms to achieve sustainable economic development. A cumulative total pledge of more than USD 5.1 billion of assistance was announced to support the implementation of the commitmentsof the conference.
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Berlin Conference (2004)
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Berlin Conference (2004)
The Berlin conference was held on March 31, 2004 in Berlin,Germany. The conference was co-chaired by the UNand the Government of Afghanistan, Federal Government of Germany and Government of Japan.
This Conference had three major aims: (1) Renewal of commitments for reconstruction funds; (2) long-term commitments from the International Community for continued support to Afghanistan; and (3) concrete planning for the post-Bonn phase of reconstruction. The conference reaffirmed the need to boost Afghanistan's fragile reconstruction efforts, improve security conditions to promote peaceful presidential election in 2004 and the parliamentary and provincial elections of 2005, and furthermore to clamp down on the burgeoning opium trade.
The following were the major outcomes of the conference: (a) GoIRA agreed on a development framework entitled “Securing Afghanistan’s Future (SAF)”, (b) NATO committed to expand ISAF's mission by establishing five additional Provincial Reconstruction Teams by the of Summer 2004 and further PRTs thereafter; and c)ISAF agreed to assist in securing the conduct of elections.
At the end of the conference, multiyear pledges were made for the reconstruction and development of Afghanistan totaling USD 8.2 billion for the three years from March 2004 to March 2007. But this amount included earlier commitments and thus new confirmed commitments amounted only to USD 5.6 billion
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Rome Conference (2007)
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Rome Conference (2007)
The Rome conference was held on July 2, 2007 in Rome, Italy. The conference was co-chaired by Government of Afghanistan, Government of Italy and the United Nations and focused on strengthening the rule of law and justice sector in Afghanistan. The framework for the rule of law and justice reform was provided by the Afghanistan Compact and its benchmarks, based on the vision of “Justice for All” and within the overall conceptual framework of the Afghanistan National Development Strategy (ANDS).
In this conference, GoIRA committed itself to finalize a national justice sector strategy and to implement comprehensive rule of law reform with the assistance of the International Community, through a national justice program. The DPs promised to support Afghanistan on its path towards the rule of law and justice, based on the GoIRA proposed national justice program and pledged a total of USD 360 million. However, after the confirmation and exclusion of reiterated pledges, the new pledge was verified to be USD 40 million.
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The London Conference 2006
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The London Conference
The London Conference was held on January 31 and February 1, 2006, in the capital city of UK where 66 states and 15 international organizations participated. The conference was co-chaired by British Prime Minister H.E. Tony Blair, The President of Afghanistan H.E. Hamid Karzai and UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan. In this conference GoIRA presented the Interim Afghanistan National Development Strategy (I-ANDS),through which the future development framework wasenvisaged.
The delegates adopted the Afghanistan Compact, a political agreement between the international community and the GoIRA,and agreed to establish a Joint Coordination and Monitoring Board (JCMB) for overall strategic coordination of the implementation of the Afghanistan Compact. This identified three critical and interdependent areas or pillars of activity for the next five years:Security, Governance, Rule of Law and Human Rights, and Economic and Social Development. An additional focus was on a critical issue cross-cutting across all pillars:elimination of the narcotics industry, a formidable threat to the people and state of Afghanistan, the region and globally.
The Afghanistan Compact marked the formal conclusion of the Bonn process The compact served as a basis for the next phase of reconstruction, with commitments to rely more on the country's own institutions and support the Afghanistan National Development Strategy (ANDS) development process.
At the end of the conference the donor countries and development agencies pledged to provide a total of USD 10.5 billion for a period of five years to support the implementation of ANDS. After the confirmation of pledges and exclusion of the reiterated pledges, the actual new pledge was confirmed to be USD 8.7 billion.
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Rome Conference (2007)
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Rome conference
The Rome conference was held on July 2, 2007 in Rome, Italy. The conference was co-chaired by Government of Afghanistan, Government of Italy and the United Nations and focused on strengthening the rule of law and justice sector in Afghanistan. The framework for the rule of law and justice reform was provided by the Afghanistan Compact and its benchmarks, based on the vision of “Justice for All” and within the overall conceptual framework of the Afghanistan National Development Strategy (ANDS).
In this conference, GoIRA committed itself to finalize a national justice sector strategy and to implement comprehensive rule of law reform with the assistance of the International Community, through a national justice program. The DPs promised to support Afghanistan on its path towards the rule of law and justice, based on the GoIRA proposed national justice program and pledged a total of USD 360 million. However, after the confirmation and exclusion of reiterated pledges, the new pledge was verified to be USD 40 million.
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Paris Conference on Afghanistan (2008)
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Paris Conference on Afghanistan (2008)
The International Conference in Support of Afghanistan was held on June 12, 2008 in Paris, the capital of France, under the chairmanship of the three co-chairs: H.E Nicolas Sarkozy,President of France, H.E Hamid Karzai,President of Islamic Republic of Afghanistan and H.E Ban Ki-moon,UN Secretary-General.
This conference marked a new commitment of the international community to work in closer cooperation under the Afghan leadership to support Afghanistan’s first five year National Development Strategy (ANDS). GoIRA and the international community agreed to retain the Afghanistan Compact as the foundation of future activities. The agreed priority was to strengthen institutions and economic growth, particularly in agriculture and energy sectors. The other key elements identified in the Declaration of this conference were the importance of holding free, fair and secure elections in 2009 and 2010; ensuring protection of human rights and the provision of humanitarian assistance; and the need to improve effective utilization of aid in order to ensure concrete and tangible development benefits for all Afghans.
At the end of the conference the international community announced a generous financial pledge of USD 20 billion, of which only USD 14 billion was confirmed to be new pledges.
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Hague Conference (2009)
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Hague Conference (2009)
The Hague conference was held on March 3, 2009 based on the initiative of the Government of the Netherlands. The conference was hosted by the Government of Netherlands and co-chaired by the Foreign Minister of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, the Foreign Minister of the Kingdom of Netherlands and the Special Representative of the UN Secretary-General for Afghanistan.
The conference agreed on the urgent need for a clear direction for provision of strengthened support to the people of Afghanistan, for enhanced security, improved life conditions and protection of their democratic and human rights. The U.S Government unveiled a new strategy, which committed additional funds and troops for Afghanistan, and a renewed focus on targeting al Qaeda militants on the Afghanistan/Pakistan border. In this conference the GoIRA presented a new policy to promote reconciliation with the Taliban. Overall, the conference participants agreed to pursue the following priority for promotion of good governance and stronger institutions in Afghanistan; generation of economic growth; strengthening security and enhancing regional cooperation.
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Lisbon Conference (2010)
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Lisbon Conference (2010)
The NATO Conference was held in November 2010 in Lisbon and chaired by the NATO Secretary-General, Anders Fogh Rasmussen. Thiswas the third major international conference of 2010 for Afghanistan. NATO’s mission in Afghanistan was the main topic of discussion.
At Lisbon, 28 heads of states of NATO elaborated the policy statement related to special training (to be started in the beginning of 2011) for capacity building of Afghan security forces to make them able to assume the security responsibilities for Afghanistan by the end of 2014. The assumption of responsibility by Afghans will help pave the way for withdrawal of NATO and its allies from Afghanistan.
Other agreements included the allies’ agreement with Russia to jointly expand support for Afghanistan, including by broadening transit arrangements, extending training of counter narcotics officials and providing equipment to Afghan security forces.
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London Conference (2010)
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London Conference (2010)
The second international conference on Afghanistan in London was held in January 2010 where the prime focus was to set a timetable for advancing security operations tied to a political process in Afghanistan. The conference was organized by British Prime Minister Gordon Brown and co-chaired by the President of Afghanistan H.E. Hamid Karzai and United Nations Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon. This Conference represented a decisive step towards greater Afghan leadership to secure, stabilize and develop Afghanistan.
The aim of the 2010 London Conference was to draft plans to hand over security responsibilities from ISAF to Afghan forces and to encourage Taliban members to renounce violence. The conference laid out a plan for what was hoped to be a new phase addressing the conflict of Afghanistan. One of the major outcomesof the conference was the agreement on the transition of security to Afghan Security Forces in a gradual fashion where Afghan security forces to take the responsibility of security province by province until 2014. Together, the GoIRA and the international community committed to make intensive efforts to ensure that GoIRA would be prepared to increasingly meet the needs of its people through developing its own institutions and resources.
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